Ngokuqwashisa okwandayo komthelela wemvelo wemfucumfucu yepulasitiki kanye nomthwalo othuthukisiwe ohambisana nokulahlwa kwawo, kunomfutho wokusebenzisa ipulasitiki egaywe kabusha esikhundleni sepulasitiki emsulwa lapho kungenzeka khona. Njengoba izinto eziningi ezisetshenziswayo zaselabhorethri zenziwe ngepulasitiki, lokhu kuphakamisa umbuzo wokuthi kungenzeka yini ukushintshela kumapulasitiki agaywe kabusha elebhu, futhi uma kunjalo, kungenzeka kangakanani.
Ososayensi basebenzisa izinto zepulasitiki ezidlekayo emikhiqizweni eminingi ngaphakathi nasezindaweni ezizungezile elebhu - okuhlanganisa namashubhu (Amashubhu e-Cryovial,Amashubhu e-PCR,Amashubhu e-Centrifuge)ama-Microplates(amapuleti esiko,24,48,96 ipuleti lomthombo ojulile, Izimpawu ze-PCR), amathiphu we-pipette(Amathiphu azenzakalelayo noma ajwayelekile), izitsha ze-petri,Amabhodlela e-Reagent,futhi nokuningi. Ukuze uthole imiphumela enembile nethembekile, izinto ezisetshenziswayo ezisetshenziswayo kudingeka zibe ngezinga eliphezulu kakhulu uma kuziwa kukhwalithi, ukungaguquguquki, nobumsulwa. Imiphumela yokusebenzisa izinto ezisezingeni eliphansi ingaba mibi kakhulu: idatha evela kuso sonke isilingo, noma uchungechunge lokuhlolwa, ingaba yize ngokwehluleka okusebenzisekayo okukodwa noma ukubangela ukungcola. Ngakho-ke, kungenzeka yini ukufeza lezi zindinganiso eziphakeme usebenzisa amapulasitiki agaywe kabusha? Ukuze siphendule lo mbuzo, sidinga ukuqonda kuqala ukuthi lokhu kwenziwa kanjani.
Agaywa kanjani kabusha amapulasitiki?
Emhlabeni wonke, ukugaywa kabusha kwamapulasitiki kuyimboni ekhulayo, eqhutshwa ukwanda kokuqwashisa ngomthelela udoti wepulasitiki onawo endaweni ezungezile yomhlaba. Kodwa-ke, kunokwehluka okukhulu ezinhlelweni zokugaywa kabusha ezisebenza emazweni ahlukene, kokubili ngokwesilinganiso kanye nokwenziwa. EJalimane, isibonelo, uhlelo lweGreen Point, lapho abakhiqizi bekhokha izindleko zokugaywa kabusha kwepulasitiki emikhiqizweni yabo, lwaqalwa kusukela ngo-1990 futhi selunwetshiwe kwezinye izingxenye ze-Europe. Kodwa-ke, emazweni amaningi isikali sokugaywa kabusha kwamapulasitiki sincane, ngokwengxenye ngenxa yezinselelo eziningi ezihambisana nokugaywa kabusha okusebenzayo.
Inselele eyinhloko ekusetshenzisweni kabusha kwepulasitiki ukuthi amapulasitiki ayiqembu lezinto ezihlukene kakhulu zamakhemikhali kune, isibonelo, ingilazi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukuze uthole impahla ewusizo egaywe kabusha, imfucumfucu yepulasitiki idinga ukuhlungwa ngezigaba. Amazwe ahlukene nezifunda anezinhlelo zawo ezimisiwe zokuhlukanisa imfucumfucu egaywa kabusha, kodwa amaningi anezigaba ezifanayo zamapulasitiki:
- I-Polyethylene terephthalate (PET)
- I-polyethylene ephezulu kakhulu (i-HDPE)
- I-Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
- I-polyethylene ye-Low-density (LDPE)
- I-Polypropylene (PP)
- I-Polystyrene (PS)
- Okunye
Kunomehluko omkhulu ekubeni lula kokugaywa kabusha kwalezi zigaba ezahlukene. Isibonelo, iqembu 1 kanye no-2 kulula ukulisebenzisa kabusha, kanti isigaba 'esinye' (iqembu 7) asivamisile ukugaywa kabusha5. Kungakhathalekile inombolo yeqembu, amapulasitiki agaywe kabusha angahluka kakhulu kozakwabo abamsulwa ngokwemibandela noma ubumsulwa kanye nezakhiwo zemishini. Isizathu salokhu ukuthi ngisho nangemva kokuhlanza nokuhlunga, ukungcola, okuvela ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zamapulasitiki noma ezintweni ezihlobene nokusetshenziswa kwangaphambili kwezinto, kuhlala. Ngakho-ke, amapulasitiki amaningi (ngokungafani nengilazi) agaywa kabusha kanye kuphela futhi izinto ezigaywe kabusha zinezinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukile kunozakwabo abamsulwa.
Yimiphi imikhiqizo engenziwa ngamapulasitiki agaywe kabusha?
Umbuzo wabasebenzisi belebhu uthi: Kuthiwani ngokusetshenziswa kwelebhu? Ingabe akhona amathuba okukhiqiza amapulasitiki ebanga elebhu ngezinto ezigaywe kabusha? Ukuze unqume lokhu, kuyadingeka ukuthi ubhekisise izici abasebenzisi abazilindele ezintweni ezidliwa ngelebhu kanye nemiphumela yokusebenzisa izinto ezingekho ezingeni.
Okubaluleke kakhulu kulezi zakhiwo ubumsulwa. Kubalulekile ukuthi ukungcola okukupulasitiki osetshenziselwa izinto ezisetshenziswa elebhu kuncishiswe njengoba kungaphuma ku-polymer kube isampula. Lokhu okubizwa ngokuthi okungavuzekayo kungaba nemiphumela eminingi engalindelekile, ngokwesibonelo, emasikweni amaseli aphilayo, kuyilapho kuphinde kube nomthelela kumasu okuhlaziya. Ngalesi sizathu, abakhiqizi bezinto ezisetshenziswa elebhu bahlala bekhetha izinto ezinezithasiselo ezincane.
Uma kuziwa kumapulasitiki asetshenziswe kabusha, akunakwenzeka ukuthi abakhiqizi banqume umsuka oqondile wezinto zabo futhi ngenxa yalokho ukungcola okungenzeka kube khona. Futhi nakuba abakhiqizi benza umzamo omkhulu ekuhlanzeni amapulasitiki ngesikhathi sokugaywa kabusha, ukuhlanzeka kwezinto ezigaywe kabusha kuphansi kakhulu kunamapulasitiki amsulwa. Ngalesi sizathu, amapulasitiki agaywe kabusha afaneleka kahle emikhiqizweni ukusetshenziswa kwayo okungathintwa amanani aphansi okuvuza. Izibonelo zifaka izinto zokwakha izindlu nemigwaqo (HDPE), izingubo (PET), nezinto zokupakisha zokupakisha (PS)
Kodwa-ke, ezintweni ezisetshenziswa ngelebhu, kanye nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ezizwelayo ezifana nezinto eziningi zokuxhumana nokudla, amaleveli okuhlanzeka ezinqubo zamanje zokugaywa kabusha azanele ukuze kuqinisekiswe imiphumela ethembekile, ephindaphindekayo elebhu. Ukwengeza, ukucaca okuphezulu kwe-optical kanye nezakhiwo ezingaguquguquki zemishini kubalulekile ekusetshenzisweni okuningi kwezinto ezisetshenziswa elebhu, futhi lezi zidingo azineliseki uma kusetshenziswa amapulasitiki agaywe kabusha. Ngakho-ke, ukusebenzisa lezi zinsiza kungaholela ekutholeni okungelona iqiniso noma okubi ocwaningweni, amaphutha ophenyo lwe-forensic, kanye nokuxilongwa kwezokwelapha okungalungile.
Isiphetho
Ukugaywa kabusha kwepulasitiki kuwumkhuba osunguliwe futhi okhulayo emhlabeni wonke ozoba nomthelela omuhle, ohlala njalo endaweni ezungezile ngokunciphisa udoti wepulasitiki. Endaweni yelebhu, ipulasitiki egaywe kabusha ingasetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezingancikile kangako ekuhlanzekeni, ngokwesibonelo ukupakisha. Kodwa-ke, izimfuneko zokusetshenziswa kwelebhu ngokwemibandela yokuhlanzeka nokungaguquguquki azikwazi ukuhlangatshezwa yizinqubo zamanje zokugaywa kabusha, ngakho-ke lezi zinto kusafanele zenziwe ngamapulasitiki angasetshenziswa.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jan-29-2023