Ngokuqwashisa ngokwanda komthelela wezemvelo wokungcola kwepulasitiki kanye nomthwalo othuthukisiwe ohambisana nokulahlwa kwawo, kukhona idrayivu yokusebenzisa kabusha esikhundleni seplastiki yentombi noma kuphi lapho kungenzeka khona. Njengoba kudla okuningi kwelebhu kwe-elebhu kwenziwa ngepulasitiki, lokhu kuphakamisa umbuzo wokuthi kungenzeka yini ukushintshela ku-plastistics eyenziwe kabusha kwelebhu, futhi uma kunjalo, kwenzeka kanjani.
Ososayensi basebenzisa ukudla kweplastiki emikhiqizweni ehlukahlukene ngaphakathi nasekuzungeze ilebhu - kufaka phakathi amashubhu (Amashubhu we-crCrivial,Amashubhu e-PCR,Amashubhu asekhulwini), Amapuleti amancane (amasiko amasiko,I-24,48,96 Plate ejulile, PCR piltes), Amathiphu wePipette(Amathiphu azenzakalelayo noma we-Universal), izitsha ze-petri,Amabhodlela eReagent,futhi nokuningi. Ukuthola imiphumela enembile nethembekile, izinto ezisetshenziswayo ezisetshenzisiwe ezidinga ukuba ngamazinga aphezulu kakhulu uma kuziwa ngekhwalithi, ukuvumelana, kanye nobumsulwa. Imiphumela yokusebenzisa izinto ezibonakalayo ingaba nzima: Idatha evela kulo lonke ucwaningo, noma uchungechunge lokuhlolwa, lungaba yize ngokungcola okukodwa okusebenzayo noma okudala ukungcoliswa. Ngakho-ke, kungenzeka yini ukufeza lezi zindinganiso eziphakeme usebenzisa amapulasitiki asetshenzisiwe? Ukuze siphendule lo mbuzo, kudingeka siqonde kuqala ukuthi lokhu kwenziwa kanjani.
Ngabe amapulasitiki avuselela kanjani kabusha?
Emhlabeni jikelele, ukuphinda kuphikiswe amapulasitiki kuyinto ekhulayo imboni, eqhutshwa ukuqwashisa ngokwengeziwe komthelela odoti wepulasitiki osendaweni yomhlaba wonke. Kodwa-ke, kunokuhlukahluka okukhulu ezinhlelweni zokuphinda usebenzise kabusha ezisebenza emazweni ahlukene, zombili ngokuya ngesilinganiso nokubulawa. Isibonelo, eJalimane, uhlelo lwamaphoyinti aluhlaza, lapho abakhiqizi bekhokha khona ngezindleko zokuphinda basebenzise kabusha ipulasitiki emikhiqizweni yabo, baqaliswa ekuqaleni kuka-1990 futhi selinwebekile kwezinye izingxenye zeYurophu. Kodwa-ke, emazweni amaningi isikali sokuphinda sisebenze kabusha sincane, ngokwengxenye ngenxa yezinselelo eziningi ezihambisana nokuvuselelwa kabusha okusebenzayo.
Inselelo ebalulekile ekuvuseleleni kabusha kwepulasitiki ukuthi amapulasitiki yiqembu elihlukile kakhulu lezinto zokwakha kune, ngokwesibonelo, ingilazi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukuthola impahla evuseleleke kabusha, imfucuza yepulasitiki idinga ukuhlukaniswa ngezigaba. Amazwe ahlukene nezifunda zinezinhlelo zazo ezihleliwe zokuhlukanisa imfucuza ephindaphindekayo, kepha abaningi banokuhlukaniswa okufanayo kwamapulasitiki:
- Polyethylene terephthalate (pet)
- I-polyethylene ephezulu (HDPE)
- I-Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
- I-Low-density polyethylene (LDPE)
- I-Polypropylene (PP)
- I-Polystyrene (PS)
- -Nye nje
Kunokwehluka okukhulu kalula ekubuseni kabusha kwalezi zigaba ezihlukile. Isibonelo, amaqembu 1 no-2 kulula kakhulu ukuphinda asebenze kabusha, kanti isigaba 'sabanye' (iqembu 7) asivame ukwenziwa kabusha5. Akunandaba nenombolo yeqembu, amapulasitiki asetshenziswe kabusha angahluka kakhulu kusuka kuma-pergin alinganiselayo ngokwemibandela noma ekuhlanzeni nasezakhiweni zemishini. Isizathu salokhu ukuthi ngisho nangemva kokuhlanza nokuhlunga, ukungcola, kungaba kusuka ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene zamapulasitiki noma kusuka ezintweni ezihlobene nokusetshenziswa kwangaphambilini kwezinto zokwakha, zikhona. Ngakho-ke, amapulasitiki amaningi (ngokungafani nengilazi) asetshenziswa kabusha kanye kanye nezinto zokwenziwa kabusha zinezicelo ezihlukile kunezicelo zazo eziyizintombi.
Imiphi imikhiqizo engenziwa kusuka kumapulasitiki asetshenzisiwe?
Umbuzo wabasebenzisi belebhu uthi: Kuthiwani nge-lab okudla? Ingabe kukhona amathuba okukhiqiza amapulasitiki webanga le-lab-grade kusuka ezintweni ezenziwe kabusha? Ukuthola lokhu, kuyadingeka ukubhekisisa abasebenzisi bezakhiwo abalindele kusuka kuLebhu okudliwayo kanye nemiphumela yokusebenzisa izinto ezibonakalayo.
Okubaluleke kakhulu kwalezi zindawo ukuhlanzeka. Kubalulekile ukuthi ukungcola epulasitiki okusetshenziselwa i-lab okudliwayo kuncishisiwe njengoba bengakhipha i-polymer nakusampula. Lezi okuthiwa zibizwa ngokuthi zingaba nemiphumela engalindeleki kakhulu, isibonelo, amasiko amaseli bukhoma, ngenkathi kuthonya amasu wokuhlaziya. Ngalesi sizathu, abakhiqizi bakwaLebhu okudlayo bahlala bekhetha izinto ezingezengelumdla.
Uma kukhulunywa nge-plastitics eyenziwe kabusha, akunakwenzeka ukuthi abakhiqizi banqume umsuka oqondile wezinto zabo zokwakha nazo ngakho-ke abangcoliko abangaba khona. Futhi yize abakhiqizi befaka umzamo omkhulu ekuhlanzeni amapulasitiki ngesikhathi senqubo yokuphinda usebenzise kabusha, ubumsulwa bezinto ezisetshenziswayo buphansi kakhulu kunamapulasitiki entombi. Ngalesi sizathu, amapulasitiki asetshenziswa kabusha alungele kahle imikhiqizo ukusetshenziswa kwawo ayithinteki ngamanani aphansi okukhale. Izibonelo zifaka phakathi izinto zokwakhiwa kwezindlu nemigwaqo (HDPE), okokugqoka (pet), kanye nezinto zokwakha i-cushioning zokufaka (PS)
Kodwa-ke, kokudla kwelebhu, kanye nezinye izinhlelo ezibucayi ezifana nezinto eziningi zokuxhumana zokudla, amazinga okuhlanzeka kwezinqubo zamanje zokuphinda asebenze kabusha awanele ukuqinisekisa imiphumela ethembekile yelebhu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukucaca okuphezulu kwe-Optical kanye nezakhiwo zemishini ezingaguquki zibalulekile ekusetshenzisweni okuningi kwezinto zelebhu, futhi lezi zimfuno nazo azineliseki lapho zisebenzisa amapulasithi asetshenzisiwe. Ngakho-ke, ukusebenzisa lezi zinto zokwakha kungaholela kuma-positives angamanga noma amaphutha ocwaningweni, amaphutha ophenyayo, nokuxilongwa kwezokwelapha okungalungile.
Ukugcina
Ukuvuselelwa kabusha kwepulasitiki kungumkhuba osunguliwe futhi okhulayo emhlabeni wonke ozoba nomthelela omuhle, ohlala njalo emvelweni ngokunciphisa imfucuza yepulasitiki. Emvelweni welebhu, ipulasitiki esetshenzisiwe esetshenzisiwe ingasetshenziswa kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezingancike kangako ngobumsulwa, ngokwesibonelo ukupakipha. Kodwa-ke, izidingo zelebhu okudlayo ngokuya ngobumsulwa kanye nokuvumelana akunakutholwa yimikhuba yokuphinda usebenzise kabusha, ngakho-ke lezi zinto zisafanele zenziwe kusuka kumapulasitiki e-lyrgin.
Isikhathi sePosi: Jan-29-2023