IZICELO ZOKUSEBENZISA
Ukususela ekuyilweni kwepleyiti ye-reagent ngo-1951, kuye kwaba yinto ebalulekileyo kwizicelo ezininzi; kubandakanywa ukuxilongwa kweklinikhi, ibhayoloji yemolekyuli kunye nebhayoloji yeeseli, kunye nohlalutyo lokutya kunye namayeza. Ukubaluleka kwepleyiti ye-reagent akufuneki kujongelwe phantsi njengoko izicelo zenzululwazi zakutsha nje ezibandakanya ujongo oluphezulu zinokubonakala zingenakwenzeka.
Isetyenziswa kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zezicelo kukhathalelo lwempilo, kwiziko lemfundo, kumayeza kunye nakwi-forensics, ezi pleyiti zakhiwe kusetyenziswa iplastiki enye. Intsingiselo, xa sele zisetyenzisiwe, ziyagqunywa zithunyelwe kwiindawo zokulahla inkunkuma okanye zilahlwe ngokutshiswa – amaxesha amaninzi ngaphandle kokuphinda kufumaneke amandla. Ezi cwecwe xa zithunyelwa kwinkunkuma zinegalelo kwezinye zeetoni eziqikelelwa kwi-5.5 yezigidi zenkunkuma yeplastiki yaselabhoratri eyenziwa minyaka le. Njengoko ungcoliseko lweplastiki lusiba yingxaki yehlabathi yokwanda kwenkxalabo, iphakamisa umbuzo- ingaba iipleyiti ze-reagent eziphelelwe lixesha zinokulahlwa ngendlela ehambelana nokusingqongileyo?
Sixoxa ngokuba singaphinda sisebenzise iipleyiti ze-reagent, kwaye siphonononge eminye imiba enxulumene noko.
EZENZWA NTONI IIpleyiti ze-REAGENT?
Iipleyiti ze-reagent zenziwa kwi-thermoplastic enokuphinda isetyenziswe, i-polypropylene. I-Polypropylene ifaneleka kakuhle njengeplastiki yebhubhoratri ngenxa yeempawu zayo - into efikelelekayo, ekhaphukhaphu, ehlala ixesha elide, enomgangatho wokushisa ohlukeneyo. Ikwayinyumba, yomelele kwaye ibumbeke ngokulula, kwaye kwithiyori kulula ukuyilahla. Zisenokwenziwa kwakhona kwiPolystyrene kunye nezinye izinto.
Nangona kunjalo, i-polypropylene kunye nezinye iiplastiki ezibandakanya i-Polystyrene ezidalwe njengendlela yokugcina umhlaba wendalo ekuphelelweni nasekuxhatshazweni ngokugqithiseleyo, ngoku kubangela ukukhathazeka okukhulu kwendalo. Eli nqaku ligxile kwiipleyiti ezenziwe ngePolypropylene.
UKULAHLWA kweepleyiti ze-REAGENT
Iipleyiti ze-reagent eziphelelwe lixesha ezisuka kuninzi lweelabhoratri zase-UK zabucala nezikawonke-wonke zilahlwa ngenye yeendlela ezimbini. Ziye 'zifakwe kwingxowa' kwaye zithunyelwe kwiindawo zokulahla inkunkuma, okanye zitshiswe. Zombini ezi ndlela ziyonakalisa imeko engqongileyo.
UMHLABA
Nje ukuba zingcwatywe kwindawo yokulahla inkunkuma, iimveliso zeplastiki zithatha phakathi kwama-20 nama-30 eminyaka ukuba ziwohloke ngokwendalo. Ngeli xesha izongezo ezisetyenziswa kwimveliso yayo, ezinetyhefu efana nelothe kunye necadmium, zinokugqobhoza ngokuthe ngcembe emhlabeni kwaye zisasazeke kumanzi aphantsi komhlaba. Oku kunokuba neziphumo eziyingozi kakhulu kwiinkqubo ezininzi zebhayoloji. Ukugcina iipleyiti ze-reagent ngaphandle komhlaba yinto ephambili.
UKUTSHISWA
Izitshisi zitshisa inkunkuma, ethi xa yenziwe ngomlinganiselo omkhulu ivelise amandla asebenzisekayo. Xa ukutshisa kusetyenziswa njengendlela yokutshabalalisa iipleyiti ze-reagent, le miba ilandelayo ivela:
● Xa iipleyiti ze-reagent zitshiswa zinokukhupha iidioxin kunye nevinyl chloride. Zombini zinxulunyaniswa nemiphumo eyingozi ebantwini. IiDioxins ziyityhefu kakhulu kwaye zinokubangela umhlaza, iingxaki zokuzala kunye nophuhliso, umonakalo kumajoni omzimba, kwaye inokuphazamisana namahomoni [5]. I-vinyl chloride yonyusa umngcipheko wohlobo olunqabileyo lomhlaza wesibindi (i-angiosarcoma ye-hepatic), kunye nomhlaza wengqondo kunye nemiphunga, i-lymphoma, kunye ne-leukemia.
● Uthuthu oluyingozi lunokubangela iziphumo zexeshana elifutshane (ezifana nesicaphucaphu kunye nokugabha) kwiziphumo zexesha elide (njengomonakalo wezintso nomhlaza).
● Ukukhutshwa kwerhasi yegreenhouse evela kwizitshisi kunye neminye imithombo efana nedizili neenqwelo zepetroli kunegalelo kwisifo sokuphefumla.
● Amazwe aseNtshona adla ngokuthumela inkunkuma kumazwe asakhasayo ukuze itshiswe, maxa wambi ikhutshwa kwiindawo ezingekho mthethweni, apho umsi oyityhefu ngokukhawuleza ube yingozi empilweni yabahlali, ekhokelela kuyo yonke into ukususela kwirhashalala ukusa kumhlaza.
● Ngokomgaqo-nkqubo weSebe lezokusiNgqongileyo, ukulahla ngokutshisa kufuneka ibe licebo lokugqibela
UMKANI WENKXAKI
I-NHS iyodwa idala iitoni ze-133,000 zeplastiki ngonyaka, kwaye kuphela i-5% yayo iphinda isetyenziswe. Enye yale nkunkuma inokuthi ifakwe kwi-reagent plate. Njengoko i-NHS ibhengeze ukuba yeyoHlaza lwe-NHS [2] izimisele ukwazisa itekhnoloji entsha ukunceda ukuthoba i-carbon footprint yayo ngokutshintsha ukusuka kwizinto ezilahlwayo ukuya kwizixhobo ezinokuphinda zisebenziseke apho kunokwenzeka. Ukurisayikilisha okanye ukuphinda kusetyenziswe iipleyiti ze-Polypropylene reagent zimbini iinketho zokulahla iipleyiti ngendlela ehambelana nokusingqongileyo.
UKUSEBENZISA KWAKHONA IIpleyiti ze-REAGENT
96 Iipleyiti zeNdawoinokuthi ngokwethiyori ingaphinda isetyenziswe, kodwa kukho inani lemiba ethetha ukuba oku akusoloko kusenzeka. Zezi:
● Ukuzihlamba ukuze ziphinde zisetyenziswe kudla ixesha
● Kukho iindleko ezinxulumene nokuzicoca, ngakumbi ngezinyibilikisi
● Ukuba kukhe kwasetyenziswa idayi, izinyibilikisi ezifunekayo ukuze kususwe idayi zinokuyinyibilikisa ipleyiti
● Zonke i-solvents kunye ne-detergents ezisetyenziswa kwinkqubo yokucoca kufuneka zisuswe ngokupheleleyo
● Ipleyiti kufuneka ihlanjwe ngoko nangoko emva kokuyisebenzisa
Ukwenza ipleyiti ikwazi ukuphinda isetyenziswe, iipleyiti kufuneka zingabonakali kwimveliso yokuqala emva kwenkqubo yokucoca. Kukho ezinye iingxaki ezinokuthi ziqwalaselwe ngokunjalo, njengokuba iipleyiti ziphathwe ukunyusa iprotheni ebophelelayo, inkqubo yokuhlamba inokutshintsha kwakhona iimpawu zokubopha. Ipleyiti yayingasayi kuphinda ifane neyokuqala.
Ukuba ilabhoratri yakho inqwenela ukuphinda isetyenzisweiipleyiti reagent, iiwasha zepleyiti ezizenzekelayo ezifana nale inokuba yinto esebenzayo.
UKURECYCING REAGENT PLATES
Kukho amanyathelo amahlanu abandakanyekayo ekusetyenzisweni ngokutsha kweepleyiti Amanyathelo amathathu okuqala afana nokurisayikilishwa kwezinye izinto kodwa amabini okugqibela abalulekile.
● Ukuqokelela
● Ukuhlela
● Ukucoca
● Ukulungiswa kwakhona ngokunyibilika - i-polypropylene eqokelelweyo ifakwa kwi-extruder kwaye inyibilika kwi-4,640 ° F (2,400 ° C) kwaye i-pellets.
● Ukuvelisa iimveliso ezintsha kwiPP esetyenzisiweyo
IMICELI-MNGENI KUNYE NAMATHUBA EKUHLINZENI I-REGENT PLATES
Ukurisayikilisha iipleyiti ze-reagent kuthatha amandla angaphantsi kakhulu kunokudala iimveliso ezintsha kumafutha efosili [4], nto leyo eyenza ukuba ithembise ukhetho. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iqela lemiqobo ekufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo.
I-POLYPROPYLENE AYIREYCEDISWA KAHLE
Ngelixa i-polypropylene inokuphinda isetyenziswe, kude kube mva nje ibe yenye yezona mveliso zincinci zisetyenzisiweyo kwihlabathi jikelele (e-USA kucingelwa ukuba iyarisayikilishwa ngomlinganiselo ongaphantsi kwe-1 ekhulwini ukuze iphinde isetyenziswe). Kukho izizathu ezibini eziphambili zoku:
● Ukwahlula - Kukho iindidi ezili-12 ezahlukeneyo zeeplastiki kwaye kunzima kakhulu ukuxela umahluko phakathi kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo okwenza kube nzima ukuzahlula nokuzihlaziya. Ngelixa ubuchwepheshe obutsha bekhamera buye baphuhliswa yiVestforbrænding, Dansk Affaldsminimering Aps, kunye nePLASTIX ekwaziyo ukuxela umahluko phakathi kweeplastiki, ayiqhelekanga ukusetyenziswa ngoko ke iplastiki ifuna ukucwangciswa ngesandla kumthombo okanye ngetekhnoloji engachanekanga ekufutshane ne-infrared.
● Utshintsho lwePropati - Ipolymer ilahlekelwa amandla kunye nokuguquguquka ngokusebenzisa iziqephu zokuphinda zisetyenziswe. Iibhondi phakathi kwe-hydrogen kunye nekhabhoni kwikhompawundi ziba buthathaka, ezichaphazela umgangatho wezinto eziphathekayo.
Noko ke, kukho unobangela othile wokuba nethemba. I-Proctor & Gamble ngokubambisana ne-PureCycle Technologies yakha isityalo se-PP sokuphinda sisetyenziswe e-Lawrence County, e-Ohio esiya kudala i-polypropylene ehlaziyiweyo kunye nomgangatho "onjengentombi".
IIPLASTIKHI ZELABHORATHI ABANGAPHANDLE KWISIMO SOKURECYCATION
Nangona iipleyiti zaselabhoretri ziqhele ukwenziwa ngezinto ezinokuphinda zisetyenziswe, yimbono ephosakeleyo eqhelekileyo ukuba zonke imathiriyeli zaselabhoratri zingcolisekile. Le ngcinga ithetha ukuba iipleyiti ze-reagent, njengazo zonke iiplastiki kukhathalelo lwempilo kunye neelebhu kwihlabathi jikelele, ziye zakhutshelwa ngaphandle ngokuzenzekelayo kwizikimu zokuphinda zisetyenziswe, nalapho ezinye zingangcoliswanga. Imfundo ethile kulo mmandla inokuba luncedo ekulweni oku.
Kanye noku, izisombululo zenoveli zinikezelwa ziinkampani ezenza iilebhu kwaye iiyunivesithi ziseka iinkqubo zokuphinda zisetyenziswe.
Iqela leThermal Compaction liphuhlise izisombululo ezivumela izibhedlele kunye neelebhu ezizimeleyo ukuba ziphinde zisebenzise iiplastiki kwindawo. Banokwahlula iiplastiki kumthombo kwaye bajike i-polypropylene ibe yibrikethi eqinileyo enokuthunyelwa ukuba isetyenziswe kwakhona.
Iidyunivesiti zenze iindlela zokuphelisa ungcoliseko lwangaphakathi zaza zathethathethana nezityalo zokurisayikilishwa kwe-polypropylene ukuze ziqokelele iplastiki engcolileyo. Iplastiki esele isetyenzisiwe iye igalelwe kumatshini ize isetyenziswe kwiimveliso ezahlukeneyo.
ISISHWANKATHELO
Iipleyiti ze-reagentI-lab yemihla ngemihla isetyenziselwa i-5.5 yezigidi zeetoni zenkunkuma yeplastiki yelabhoratri eyenziwe ngamaziko ophando angama-20,500 kwihlabathi jikelele kwi-2014, iitoni ze-133,000 zale nkunkuma yonyaka zivela kwi-NHS kwaye kuphela i-5% yayo iphinda isetyenziswe.
Iipleyiti ze-reagent eziphelelwe lixesha ebezingaqukwanga ngokwembali kwizikimu zokurisayikilishwa zinegalelo kule nkunkuma kunye nomonakalo wokusingqongileyo obangelwe ziiplastiki ezisetyenziswa kanye.
Kukho imiceli mngeni efunekayo ukuze yoyiswe ekusetyenzisweni kwakhona kweepleyiti ze-reagent kunye nezinye iiplasticware zaselabhu ezinokuphela zithatha amandla amancinci ukuphinda zisetyenziswe xa kuthelekiswa nokudala iimveliso ezintsha.
Ukusetyenziswa kwakhona okanye ukurisayikilishwa96 iipleyiti zequlazombini ziindlela ezinobuhlobo kokusingqongileyo zokujongana namacwecwe asele esebenzile naphelelwe lixesha. Nangona kunjalo, kukho ubunzima obunxulumene nokuphinda kusetyenziswe i-polypropylene kunye nokwamkelwa kweplastiki esetyenzisiweyo evela kuphando kunye neelebhu ze-NHS kunye nokusetyenziswa kwakhona kweepleyiti.
Iinzame zokuphucula ukuhlanjwa kunye nokuhlaziya, kunye nokuhlaziywa kunye nokwamkelwa kwenkunkuma yasebhubhoratri, iyaqhubeka. Ubugcisa obutsha buyaphuhliswa kwaye buphunyezwe ngethemba lokuba sinokulahla iipleyiti ze-reagent ngendlela ehambelana nokusingqongileyo.
Kukho imiqobo ekusafuneka icele umngeni kulo mmandla kunye nophando oluqhubekayo kunye nemfundo ziilebhu kunye namashishini asebenza kule ndawo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Nov-23-2022