Ndi chidziwitso chowonjezera cha chilengedwe cha zinyalala pulasitiki ndi katundu wokulirapo zomwe zimakhudzana ndi kutaya kwake, pamakhala kuyendetsa kuti mugwiritsenso ntchito ma pulasitiki pomwepo. Monga zotayika zambiri za labotale zimapangidwa ndi pulasitiki, izi zimabweretsa funso kuti ngati ndi zotheka kusinthana ndi pulasitiki, ndipo ngati ndi choncho, ndizotheka bwanji.
Asayansi amagwiritsa ntchito zolaula pulasitiki m'njira zosiyanasiyana mkati ndi kuzungulira labu - kuphatikiza machubu (Machubu a crimovial,Machubu a PCR,Centrifuge machubu), Maikolofoni (mbale),24,48,96, PCR Paltes), Malangizo a Pipette(Malangizo Okhazikika Kapena Otembero), Zakudya za Petri,Mabotolo odzikonda,ndi zina. Kuti mupeze zotsatira zolondola komanso zodalirika, zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazovuta zimafunika kukhala ndi miyezo yapamwamba kwambiri ikadzayamba kugwira ntchito, kusasinthika, komanso chiyero. Zotsatira za kugwiritsa ntchito zida zolumikizira zimatha kukhala zazikulu: deta kuchokera ku kuyesera konse, kapena zoyeserera zingapo, zimatha kukhala zopanda ntchito limodzi ndi kulephera kamodzi kapena kuyambitsa kuipitsidwa. Chifukwa chake, kodi ndizotheka kukwaniritsa miyezo yapamwambayi pogwiritsa ntchito mapulani obwezerezedwanso? Kuti tiyankhe funsoli, tiyenera kumvetsetsa momwe izi zimachitikira.
Kodi ma pulasitiki amabwezeredwa bwanji?
Padziko lonse lapansi, kubwezeretsanso pulasitiki ndi msika wokulirapo, woyendetsedwa ndi kudziwitsa zakuthupi za pulasitiki zili pa malo apadziko lonse lapansi. Komabe, pali mitundu yayikulu pakusintha kwa malingaliro obwezeretsanso m'maiko osiyanasiyana, onse malinga ndi kukula komanso kuphedwa. Mwachitsanzo, ku Germany. Komabe, m'maiko ambiri kuchuluka kwa pulasitiki kumakhala kocheperako, pang'ono chifukwa cha zovuta zambiri zomwe zimakhudzana ndi kubwezeretsanso bwino.
Chovuta chachikulu pakubwezeretsa pulasitiki ndikuti pulasitiki ndi gulu losiyanasiyana la mankhwala kuposa, mwachitsanzo, galasi. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kupeza zothandizanso zobwezerezedwanso, zinyalala za pulasitiki zimayenera kusanjidwa m'magulu. Mayiko osiyanasiyana ndi zigawo zili ndi njira zawo zotetezera kuti gulu likonzekeretse zinyalala zobwezeretsanso, koma ambiri ali ndi gulu lofananira kwa mapulaneti:
- Polyethylene Terephthalate (Pet)
- Kuchulukitsa-polyethylene (hdpe)
- Polyvinyl chloride (pvc)
- Otsika polyethylene (ldpe)
- Polypropylene (pp)
- Polystyrene (PS)
- Ena
Pali kusiyana kwakukulu m'njira yobwezeretsanso mitundu iyi. Mwachitsanzo, magulu 1 ndi 2 ndi osavuta kubwezeretsanso, pomwe 'ena' (gulu 7) samakonda kubwezeretsanso5. Mosasamala kanthu za nambala yamagulu, mapulaneti obwezeretsaninso amatha kusiyanasiyana kuchokera kwa anamwali awo malinga ndi zoyera kapena zoyera. Cholinga chake ndikuti ngakhale kukonza, zodetsa, mwina kuchokera ku mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mapulato kapena zinthu zokhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zida zam'mbuyomu. Chifukwa chake, gombe zambiri (mosiyana ndi galasi) amangobwezedwanso kamodzi ndi zida zobwezerezedwanso ndi mapulogalamu osiyanasiyana kuposa anzawo omwe anamwa anzawo.
Ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zingapangidwe kuchokera pamapulasitiki obwezerezedwa?
Funso la ogwiritsa ntchito labu ndi: Nanga bwanji labu? Kodi pali zotheka kupanga pulasitiki ya lab kuchokera kuzinthu zolembedwa? Kuti mudziwe izi, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana kwambiri malo omwe ogwiritsa ntchito amayembekeza kuchokera ku Lab zotopetsa ndi zotsatira za kugwiritsa ntchito zida zoponderezedwa.
Chofunika kwambiri pazinthu izi ndi chiyero. Ndikofunikira kuti zodetsa pulasitiki zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zimachepetsedwa monga momwe angathere kutuluka mu polymer ndikuyipirira. Izi zimadziwika kuti zokhala ndi miyendozi zimatha kukhala ndi zovuta zambiri, mwachitsanzo, zikhalidwe za maselo amoyo, ndikugawanso njira zopewera zopanikiza. Pachifukwa ichi, opanga mabala a lab omwe amasankha nthawi zonse amasankha zida zokhala ndi zowonjezera zochepa.
Ponena za mapulasti obwezereledwanso, ndizosatheka kuti opanga kuti adziwe zomwe zidachokera ku zida zawo chifukwa chake ofuwa omwe angakhalepo. Ndipo ngakhale ngati opanga ntchito amayesetsa kutsuka pulasitiki panthawi yobwezeretsanso, kuyera kwa zinthu zobwezeretsanso kumakhala kochepa kwambiri kuposa ma pulasitiki. Pachifukwa ichi, ma pulasitiki obwezerezedwanso ndi oyenereradi ogulitsa omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito sakhudzidwa ndi zotsika. Zitsanzo zimaphatikizapo zida zomanga nyumba ndi misewu (HDPE), zovala (ziweto), ndi zida zokongoletsera (PS)
Komabe, kwa labu zotayirira, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito kwina kwazinthu zambiri zokhudzana ndi chakudya, kuchuluka kwa njira zoyesererako sikukukwanira kuti zitsimikizire zotsatira zodalirika, zopangidwa mu labu. Kuphatikiza apo, zowoneka bwino kwambiri zowoneka bwino komanso zosasinthika zamakina ndizofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri labu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo izi sizikhutiranso mukamagwiritsa ntchito pulasitiki. Chifukwa chake, kugwiritsa ntchito zinthuzi kumatha kubweretsa ziwonetsero zabodza kapena zolakwa zofufuzira zofufuzira, ndipo zolakwika zowerengeka.
Mapeto
Kubwezeretsa pulasitiki ndi njira yokhazikitsidwa komanso yokulira padziko lonse lapansi yomwe idzakhala ndi mphamvu yabwino, yokhazikika pamtunda pochepetsa zinyalala za pulasitiki. Mu lab chilengedwe, pulasitiki yobwezerezedwanso imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pofunsira zomwe sizimadalira chiyero, mwachitsanzo. Komabe, zofuna za lamba zotayidwa malinga ndi kuyera ndi kusasinthika sizingakwaniritsidwe ndi machitidwe omwe ali pano, chifukwa chake zinthu izi zimayenera kupangidwa ndi pulasitiki.
Post Nthawi: Jan-29-2023