Chiyambi
Kodi ecleic acid ndi chiyani acid?
Mwanjira yosavuta kwambiri, m'zigawo za nyukiliya ndikuchotsa RNA ndi / kapena DNA kuchokera ku zitsanzo ndi zochulukirapo zomwe sizofunikira. Njira yochotsera ma acid acids kuchokera ku zitsanzo ndikuwapereka mu mawonekedwe a owuma, omasuka ku osakhazikika ndi zodetsa zomwe zingakhudze mapulogalamu aliwonse omwe angagwiritse ntchito.
Ntchito za acid acid acid
Oyeretsedwa acid a nuclec amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu kagawo kazinthu zosiyanasiyana, kuyambira mafakitale osiyanasiyana. Zaumoyo mwina ndi malo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, ndi RNA ndi DNA yofunikira kwa zifukwa zoyeserera zosiyanasiyana.
Mapulogalamu a eclectic acid m'zigawo muzachipatala ndi monga:
- Kutengera kotsatira (Negs)
- Kukula kopitilira
- Kupanga kozungulira
- Chimbudzi cha Entzyme
- kusanthula pogwiritsa ntchito ma enzyme (mwachitsanzo, ligami ndi kusisita)
Palinso minda ina yoposa wathanzi yomwe m'zigawo za nyukiliya zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, kuphatikizapo koma osagwirizana ndi kungoyeserera kwa makolo, zolosera ndi zodzikongoletsera.
Mbiri Yachidule ya Nyukiti ya Nucleic
DNA KuchotsaKuyambiranso kwanthawi yayitali, ndi chiwongola dzanja choyambirira chomwe chidapangidwa ndi asing'anga wotchuka wa Swidrich wotchedwa Friedrich Maies mu 1869. Maies anali kuyembekezera kuti athetse mfundo zofunika kwambiri za maselo. Atalephera ndi mawu a lymphocytes, adatha kupeza mpweya wabwino wa DNA kuchokera ku leucoccocytes opezeka mu mafinya omwe ali pa bandeji yotayika. Anachita izi powonjezera asidi kenako alkali ku cell kuti achoke cytoplasm ya cell, kenako ndikupanga protocol kuti mulekanitse DNA kuchokera pamapuloteni ena.
Kutsatira njira zopumira za Miercher, asayansi ambiri apita patsogolo ndikupanga njira zopatula kunyadira ndikuyeretsa DNA. Edwin Joseph Cohn, wasayansi waluso mapuloteni adapanga njira zambiri zoyeretsa mapuloteni pa ww2. Anali ndi udindo woti atulutse kachigawo kakang'ono ka magazi a madzi am'magazi, omwe ndi ofunikira pakusunga zopsinjika kwa mitsempha yamagazi. Izi zinali zofunika kwambiri kusunga asirikali akudwala.
Mu 1953 Francis crick, limodzi ndi Rosalind Franklin ndi James Watson, adatsimikiza kapangidwe ka DNA, kuwonetsa kuti kunapangidwa ndi maunyolo awiri a acid a asidi wa ecleotide. Kuthekera kukwaniritsidwa kumeneku kunaponya njira ya mesellon ndi Stahl, omwe anatha kukhala ndi pulotocor ya centrifugation ya centrifugation kuti ikhale yopanda mabakiteriya a DNA pa kuyesa kwawo kwa 1958.
Njira zamitundu ya nyukiliya
Kodi magawo 4 a DNA ndi ati?
Njira zonse zodulira zithupsa ku masitepe ofunikira.
Kusokonezeka kwa maselo. Gawo ili, lomwe limadziwikanso kuti ma cell lysis, limaphatikizapo kuphwanya khoma la cell ndi / kapena cell membrane, kuti atulutse madzi am'madzi omwe ali ndi zitsulo zazosangalatsa.
Kuchotsa zinyalala zosafunikira. Izi zikuphatikiza lipids, mapuloteni ndi ma acid ena osafunikira omwe amatha kusokoneza mafomu otsika.
Kudzipatula. Pali njira zingapo zolekanira ma asidi a chiwongola dzanja chotsimikizika chomwe mudapanga, omwe amagwera pakati pa magulu awiri akulu: Njira yokhazikika (onani gawo lotsatira (onani gawo lotsatira).
Kuzunzika. Acid a ma acidic atangopatula odwala ena onse ndi machenjerero, amaperekedwa mu Empeute.
Mitundu iwiriyi ya kuchotsa
Pali mitundu iwiri ya extraction ya nyukiliya - njira yoyendera komanso njira zolimba zaboma. Njira yothetsera njira imadziwikanso kuti njira yochotsera mankhwala njira, monga zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kuti muchepetse khungu ndikupeza zigawo za ziganizo. Izi zitha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala achilengedwe monga phenorol ndi chloroform, kapena zovulaza kwambiri ndipo chifukwa chake ambiri amalimbikitsa mankhwala monga proteinase k kapena silika gel.
Zitsanzo za njira zosiyanasiyana za mankhwala kuphwanya cell kuphatikiza:
- osmotic kukulira membrane
- Chimbudzi cha enzymatic cha khoma la cell
- kusungunuka kwa nembanemba
- ndi zotchinga
- ndi mankhwala a alkali
Njira zolimba zaku State, zomwe zimadziwikanso kuti njira zamakina, zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito kuwerengako momwe Masamaliriri ndi gawo lolimba. Mwa kusankha mkanda kapena molekyulu yomwe DNA imayenera kumanganso koma osankhidwa sizingasiyanitse awiriwo. Zitsanzo za njira zokhazikika zothandizira kuphatikiza pogwiritsa ntchito mikanda yamatsenga ndi maginito.
Magnetic Bead
Njira yamagetsi yodulira
Mphamvu yochotsera mikanda yamagetsi idadziwika koyamba patent yaku US yomwe idasungidwa ndi Trevor Hawkins, chifukwa cha Whitehead Stand Stud Institution. Patent uyu anavomereza kuti kunali kotheka kuchotsa zinthu za majini pomanga kunyamula othandizira, komwe kumatha kukhala maginito. Mfundo yake ndikuti mumagwiritsa ntchito miyala yamagetsi yogwira ntchito kwambiri yomwe munthu amakhala nawo, yomwe ikhoza kupatukana ndi katswiri wazomwe amagwiritsa ntchito kunja kwa chotengera chomwe chimagwira.
N 'chifukwa Chiyani Muyenera Kugwiritsa Ntchito Makulidwe a Magnetic?
Tekisiki yamphamvu yamphamvu ikuwonjezereka ikuchulukirachulukira, chifukwa cha kuthekera komwe kumagwirizira mwachangu komanso kotheratu. Posachedwa pakhala zochitika zamatsenga ogwiritsira ntchito maginito ambiri okhala ndi makina oyenera ogulitsa, omwe apanga mphamvu ya acid acid acid ndi extraction exprection ndi chomangira chomwe chimawala kwambiri ndikuwala kwambiri. Komanso, njira zodulira zamatsenga sizimakhudzana ndi njira zomwe zingayambitse mphamvu zometa zomwe zimaphwanya zida zazitali za DNA. Izi zikutanthauza kuti pali zovuta za DNA zimakhalabe zolimba, zomwe ndizofunikira pakuyesa kwa genomics.
Post Nthawi: Nov-25-2022