Enwere ike kewaa ụlọ ọrụ IVD n'ime ngalaba ise: nchọpụta biochemical, immunodiagnosis, nyocha ọbara ọbara, nchọpụta molecular, na POCT.
1. Nchọpụta biochemical
1.1 Nkọwa na nhazi ọkwa
A na-eji ngwaahịa biochemical mee ihe n'usoro nchọpụta nke mejupụtara ihe nyocha biochemical, reagents biochemical, na calibrators. A na-etinyekarị ha n'ụlọ nyocha ụlọ ọgwụ na ụlọ nyocha anụ ahụ maka nyocha biochemical oge niile.
1.2 nhazi usoro
2. Immunodiagnosis
2.1 Nkọwa na nhazi ọkwa
Clinical immunodiagnosis gụnyere chemiluminescence, enzyme-njikọ immunoassay, colloidal gold, immunoturbidimetric na latex ihe na biochemistry, pụrụ iche protein analyzers, wdg. warara ụlọ ọgwụ mgbochi na-emekarị na-ezo aka chemiluminescence.
Usoro nyocha nke chemiluminescence bụ ngwakọta atọ nke reagents, ngwa na ụzọ nyocha. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, a na-ekewa azụmaahịa na mmepụta nke chemiluminescence immunoassay analyzers na ahịa dị ka ogo nke akpaaka, enwere ike kewaa ya na ọkara akpaka (ụdị efere ụdị luminescence enzyme immunoassay) na akpaka zuru oke (ụdị tube luminescence).
2.2 Ọrụ ngosi
A na-ejikarị chemiluminescence eme ihe ugbu a maka nchọpụta etuto, ọrụ thyroid, homonụ, na ọrịa na-efe efe. Nnwale ndị a na-eme oge niile na-aza 60% nke ọnụ ahịa ahịa zuru oke yana 75%-80% nke olu ule.
Ugbu a, ule ndị a bụ 80% nke oke ahịa. Ogologo ngwa ngwa nke ụfọdụ ngwugwu metụtara njirimara, dị ka iji ọgwụ ọjọọ eme ihe na nyocha ọgwụ, nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe na Europe na United States, na ole na ole.
3. Ahịa mkpụrụ ndụ ọbara
3.1 Nkọwa
Ngwaahịa na-agụta mkpụrụ ndụ ọbara nwere ihe nyocha mkpụrụ ndụ ọbara, reagents, calibrators na ngwaahịa njikwa mma. A na-akpọkwa onye nyocha ọbara ọbara hematology analyzer, ngwaọrụ ọbara cell, counter cell cell, wdg. Ọ bụ otu n'ime ngwa eji eme nyocha ụlọ ọgwụ nke RMB 100 nde.
Onye na-enyocha mkpụrụ ndụ ọbara na-ekewa mkpụrụ ndụ ọbara ọcha, mkpụrụ ndụ ọbara uhie, na platelet dị n'ime ọbara site na usoro nguzogide eletriki, ma nwee ike nweta data metụtara ọbara dị ka mkpokọta hemoglobin, hematocrit, na oke nke akụkụ sel ọ bụla.
N'afọ ndị 1960, a na-enweta ọnụ ọgụgụ sel ọbara site na ntinye akwụkwọ ntuziaka na ịgụta ọnụ, nke gbagwojuru anya na arụ ọrụ, dị ala na arụmọrụ, adịghị mma na nchọpụta nchọpụta, obere nyocha nyocha, na ihe dị elu chọrọ maka ndị ọkachamara. Ọdịmma dị iche iche gbochiri ngwa ya na ngalaba nyocha ụlọ ọgwụ.
N'afọ 1958, Kurt mepụtara counter cell ọbara na-adị mfe ịrụ ọrụ site na ijikọta resistivity na teknụzụ eletrọnịkị.
3.2 Nhazi
3.3 usoro mmepe
Teknụzụ mkpụrụ ndụ ọbara bụ otu ụkpụrụ nke cytometry eruba, mana arụmọrụ chọrọ nke cytometry eruba ka a nụchara anụcha, a na-ejikwa ya na ụlọ nyocha dịka ngwa nyocha sayensị. Enweelarị ụfọdụ nnukwu ụlọ ọgwụ dị elu nke na-eji cytometry eruba n'ụlọọgwụ iji nyochaa ihe ndị e guzobere n'ọbara iji chọpụta ọrịa ọbara. Nnwale mkpụrụ ndụ ọbara ga-etolite n'ụzọ akpaghị aka na nke jikọtara ọnụ.
Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, ejikọtala ụfọdụ ihe nyocha biochemical, dị ka CRP, glycosylated haemoglobin na ihe ndị ọzọ, na nyocha mkpụrụ ndụ ọbara n'ime afọ abụọ gara aga. Enwere ike mezue otu tube nke ọbara. Ọ dịghị mkpa iji serum maka nyocha biochemical. Naanị CRP bụ otu ihe, nke a na-atụ anya na ọ ga-eweta ohere ahịa 10 ijeri.
4.1 Okwu mmalite
Nchọpụta molecular abụrụla ebe na-ekpo ọkụ n'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, mana ngwa ọgwụgwọ ya ka nwere oke. Nchọpụta nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na-ezo aka n'itinye usoro usoro ihe ọmụmụ mkpụrụ ndụ ihe n'ime nchọpụta nke protein structural metụtara ọrịa, enzymes, antigens na antibodies, na ụmụ irighiri ihe dị iche iche na-arụ ọrụ immunological, yana mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na-edobe ụmụ irighiri ihe ndị a. Dị ka dị iche iche nchọpụta usoro, ọ nwere ike kewara n'ime aza ajụjụ hybridization, PCR amplification, gene chip, gene sequencing, mass spectrometry, wdg Ugbu a, molekụla nchoputa e ọtụtụ-eji na-efe efe ọrịa, ọbara screening, n'oge nchoputa, ahaziri ọgwụgwọ. ọrịa mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa, nchọpụta afọ ime, mpịnye anụ ahụ na mpaghara ndị ọzọ.
4.2 Nhazi
4.3 Ngwa ahịa
A na-eji nchoputa molecular eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe na ọrịa na-efe efe, nyocha ọbara na mpaghara ndị ọzọ. Site na mmụba nke ụkpụrụ ndụ ndị mmadụ, a ga-enwewanye mmata na ọchịchọ maka nchọpụta molecular. Mmepe nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụike na ahụike abụghịzi naanị na nchoputa na ọgwụgwọ, kama ọ gbatịpụrụ na mgbochi ọgwụ mmekọahụ. Site n'ịchọpụta maapụ mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa mmadụ, nchoputa nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa nwere atụmanya sara mbara na ọgwụgwọ n'otu n'otu na ọbụna oriri buru ibu. Nchọpụta molecular jupụtara n'ụdị dị iche iche n'ọdịniihu, mana anyị ga-amụrịrị anya na afụ nke nyocha na ọgwụgwọ nke ọma.
Dị ka nkà na ụzụ na-egbu egbu, nchọpụta molekụla enyerela aka dị ukwuu na nyocha ahụike. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, isi ngwa nke nyocha mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na mba m bụ ịchọpụta ọrịa na-efe efe, dịka HPV, HBV, HCV, HIV na ndị ọzọ. Ngwa nyocha ime nwa bụkwa nke tozuru oke, dịka BGI, Berry na Kang, wdg, nchọpụta DNA efu n'ime ọbara nwa ebu n'afọ ejirila nwayọọ nwayọọ dochie usoro ọmụmụ amniocentesis.
5.POCT
5.1 Nkọwa na nhazi ọkwa
POCT na-ezo aka na usoro nyocha ebe ndị na-abụghị ndị ọkachamara na-eji ngwá ọrụ nwere ike ibugharị ngwa ngwa nyochaa ụdị ọrịa ma nweta nsonaazụ ka mma gburugburu onye ọrịa.
N'ihi nnukwu ọdịiche dị na ụzọ ikpo okwu ule, enwere ọtụtụ ụzọ maka ihe nyocha dị n'otu, ọnụọgụ ntụaka siri ike ịkọwapụta, nsonaazụ nha siri ike ikwe nkwa, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ enweghị ụkpụrụ njikwa mma dị mkpa, ọ ga-adịgide. chaotic na gbasasịa ruo ogologo oge. N'izo aka na akụkọ mmepe nke POCT International Giant Alere, M&A mwekota n'ime ụlọ ọrụ bụ ezigbo mmepe nlereanya.
5.2 Akụrụngwa POCT a na-ejikarị
1. Nyochaa mita glucose ọbara ngwa ngwa
2. Ọbara gas analyzer ngwa ngwa
Oge nzipu: Jan-23-2021