Tushen pipette ƙanƙanta ne, arha, kuma yana da matuƙar mahimmanci ga kimiyya. Yana ba da ikon bincike kan sabbin magunguna, gwajin Covid-19, da kowane gwajin jini da aka taɓa gudanarwa.
Har ila yau, yana da yawa, mai yawa - masanin kimiyyar benci na yau da kullum na iya kama da dama a kowace rana.
Amma yanzu, jerin ɓangarorin rashin lokaci tare da sarkar samar da bututun mai - wanda ya haifar da baƙar fata, gobara, da buƙatun da ke da alaƙa da cutar - sun haifar da ƙarancin duniya wanda ke yin barazana ga kusan kowane ɓangarorin duniyar kimiyya.
Karancin bututun ya rigaya yana yin haɗari ga shirye-shiryen a duk faɗin ƙasar waɗanda ke tantance jariran da za su iya yin kisa, kamar rashin iya narke sukari a cikin nono. Yana barazana ga gwaje-gwajen jami'o'i kan kwayoyin halittar kwayoyin halitta. Kuma yana tilastawa kamfanonin fasahar kere kere da ke aiki don samar da sabbin magunguna suyi la'akari da fifita wasu gwaje-gwaje akan wasu.
A yanzu, babu wata alama da ke nuna cewa ƙarancin zai ƙare nan ba da jimawa ba - kuma idan ya yi muni, masana kimiyya na iya fara jinkirin gwaje-gwaje ko ma yin watsi da sassan aikinsu.
Daga cikin dukkan masana kimiyyar da karancinsu bai damu ba, masu binciken da ke da alhakin tantance jarirai sun kasance mafi tsari da kuma bayyana ra'ayi.
Dakunan gwaje-gwajen lafiyar jama'a suna bincikar jarirai a cikin sa'o'i bayan haihuwar su don yawancin yanayin kwayoyin halitta. Wasu, kamar phenylketonuria da rashi na MCAD, suna buƙatar likitoci su canza yadda suke kula da jariri nan da nan. Ko da jinkirin da aka samu a aikin tantancewar ya haifar da mutuwar wasu jarirai, a cewar wani bincike na 2013.
Binciken kowane yaro yana buƙatar kusan shawarwari 30 zuwa 40 na pipette don kammala gwaje-gwaje masu yawa, kuma ana haihuwar dubban yara kowace rana a Amurka.
Tun a watan Fabrairu, waɗannan dakunan gwaje-gwaje suna bayyana karara cewa ba su da kayan da suke buƙata. Labs a cikin jihohi 14 suna da abin da ya rage ƙimar pipette kasa da wata ɗaya, a cewar Associationungiyar Dakunan gwaje-gwajen Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a. Kungiyar ta damu matuka, har ta tsawon watanni, tana matsawa gwamnatin tarayya lamba - ciki har da fadar White House - don ba da fifiko ga buƙatun buƙatun shirye-shiryen tantance jarirai. Ya zuwa yanzu, kungiyar ta ce, babu abin da ya sauya; Fadar White House ta shaida wa STAT cewa gwamnati na aiki kan hanyoyi da dama don kara yawan samun shawarwari.
A wasu hukunce-hukuncen, karancin robobi ya “kusan sa sassan shirye-shiryen tantance jarirai su rufe,” in ji Susan Tanksley, wata manaja a sashen kula da dakin gwaje-gwaje na sashen kiwon lafiya na Texas, yayin taron kwamitin ba da shawara na tarayya kan tantance jarirai a watan Fabrairu. . (Tankskey da ma'aikatar lafiya ta jihar ba su amsa bukatar yin sharhi ba.)
Wasu jihohi suna karɓar baƙuwar shawarwari tare da saura kwana ɗaya kawai, wanda ya bar musu ɗan zaɓi sai dai su roƙi wasu labs don samun ajiya, a cewar Scott Shone, darektan dakin gwaje-gwajen lafiyar jama'a na jihar North Carolina. Shone ya ce ya ji labarin wasu jami'an kiwon lafiyar jama'a suna ta waya suna cewa, 'Ina gudu gobe, za ku iya kwana da wani abu?' Domin dillalin ya ce yana zuwa, amma ban sani ba.'
"Amincewa lokacin da mai siyar ya ce, 'Kwana uku kafin ku ƙare, za mu kawo muku wata-wata' - damuwa ce," in ji shi.
Yawancin dakunan gwaje-gwaje sun koma madadin juri. Wasu suna wanke tukwici sannan kuma suna sake amfani da su, suna ƙara haɗarin kamuwa da cuta. Wasu suna gudanar da gwaje-gwajen jarirai a cikin batches, wanda zai iya ƙara lokacin da ake ɗauka don ba da sakamako.
Ya zuwa yanzu, waɗannan mafita sun isa. Shone ya kara da cewa "Ba mu cikin wani yanayi da ake samun hadari ga jarirai nan take."
Bayan dakunan gwaje-gwajen da ke tantance jariran da aka haifa, kamfanonin fasahar kere kere da ke aiki kan sabbin hanyoyin warkewa da dakunan gwaje-gwajen jami'o'i da ke gudanar da bincike na asali su ma suna jin matsi.
Masana kimiyya a Kimiyyar Kiwon Lafiya ta PRA, wata ƙungiyar bincike ta kwangila da ke aiki kan gwajin asibiti don cutar hanta B da kuma da yawa daga cikin 'yan takarar magunguna na Bristol Myers Squibb, sun ce kayan da ke ƙarewa barazana ce ta dindindin - kodayake har yanzu ba su jinkirta kowane karatun ba.
Jason Neat, babban darektan sabis na nazarin halittu a dakin gwaje-gwaje na PRA Health a Kansas ya ce "A wasu lokuta, yana sauka zuwa tarin tukwici guda ɗaya zaune a kan shiryayye na baya, kuma muna kama da 'Ya Ubangijina,'
Karancin ya zama mai ban tsoro sosai a Arrakis Therapeutics, wani kamfanin Waltham, Mass. da ke aiki kan yuwuwar jiyya don cutar kansa, yanayin jijiyoyin jiki, da cututtukan da ba kasafai ba, wanda shugabanta na ilimin halittar RNA, Kathleen McGinness, ya kirkiro tashar Slack mai sadaukarwa don taimakawa abokan aikinta su raba. mafita don adana tukwici na pipette.
"Mun fahimci cewa wannan ba mai tsanani ba ne," in ji ta kan tashar, #tipsfortips. "Yawancin ƙungiyar sun himmatu sosai game da mafita, amma ba mu da wurin da za mu raba wannan."
Galibin kamfanonin fasahar kere-kere da STAT ta zanta da su, sun ce suna daukar matakan kiyaye iyakokin bututun mai, kuma har ya zuwa yanzu, ba su daina aiki ba.
Masana kimiyya na Octant, alal misali, suna zaɓe sosai game da amfani da tukwici na pipette. Waɗannan shawarwarin - waɗanda ke da wahalar samowa kwanan nan - suna ba da samfuran ƙarin kariya daga gurɓataccen waje, amma ba za a iya tsabtace su da sake amfani da su ba. Don haka suna sadaukar da su ga ayyukan da ke da mahimmanci.
Danielle de Jong, manajan dakin gwaje-gwaje a dakin gwaje-gwaje na Whitney na Jami'ar Florida ta ce "Idan ba ku kula da abin da ke kurewa ba, za ku iya fita cikin sauki." dakin gwaje-gwajen da ta yi aiki a cikin nazarin yadda ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta ke aiki a cikin ƙananan dabbobin ruwa masu alaka da jellyfish da za su iya sake farfado da sassan kansu.
Masana kimiyya a dakin gwaje-gwaje na Whitney, a wasu lokuta, sun ba da belin maƙwabtansu lokacin da odar ba ta isa kan lokaci ba; De Jong ta ma kama kanta tana kallon sauran ɗakunan dakunan gwaje-gwaje don duk wani bututun da ba a yi amfani da shi ba, kawai idan dakin binciken nata ya buƙaci aron wasu.
"Na shafe shekaru 21 ina aiki a dakin gwaje-gwaje," in ji ta. “Ban taɓa cin karo da lamuran sarkar samar da kayayyaki kamar haka ba. Har abada."
Babu bayani guda ɗaya na ƙarancin.
Fashewar kwatsam na gwaje-gwajen Covid-19 a bara - kowannensu ya dogara da shawarwarin pipette - tabbas ya taka rawa. Amma illolin bala'o'i da sauran hatsarurrukan da ke daɗa haɓakar samar da kayayyaki su ma sun gangara zuwa benci na ɗakin gwaje-gwaje.
Mummunan barkewar wutar lantarki da aka yi a jihar Texas, wanda ya yi sanadiyar mutuwar mutane sama da 100, ya kuma karya wata muhimmiyar mahada a sarkar samar da bututun mai. Waɗancan katsewar wutar lantarki sun tilasta wa ExxonMobil da sauran kamfanoni rufe shuke-shuke na ɗan lokaci a cikin jihar - wasu daga cikinsu sun yi resin polypropylene, ɗanyen kayan aikin pipette.
Dangane da gabatar da Maris, ExxonMobil's Houston-yankin shuka shine kamfani na biyu mafi girma na samar da polypropylene a cikin 2020; kawai tsirinsa na Singapore ya yi ƙari. Biyu daga cikin manyan shuke-shuken polyethylene uku na ExxonMobil suma suna cikin Texas. (A cikin Afrilu 2020, ExxonMobil har ma ya haɓaka samar da polypropylene a tsire-tsire na Amurka guda biyu.)
"Bayan guguwar hunturu a watan Fabrairun wannan shekara, an kiyasta cewa sama da kashi 85% na karfin samar da polypropylene a Amurka ya yi mummunan tasiri saboda batutuwa daban-daban kamar fasa bututu a masana'antar samarwa da kuma asarar wutar lantarki da kuma asarar wutar lantarki. muhimman albarkatun da ake buƙata don sake fara samarwa,” in ji mai magana da yawun Total, wani kamfanin mai da iskar gas na Houston wanda ke samar da polypropylene.
Amma an damu da sarƙoƙin samar da kayayyaki tun lokacin bazarar da ta gabata - da kyau kafin zurfin daskarewar Fabrairu. Yawan albarkatun kasa fiye da na yau da kullun ba shine kawai abin da ke haifar da sarkar samar da kayayyaki ba - kuma tukwici na pipette ba shine kawai kayan aikin leb ɗin filastik da aka yi ƙarancin wadata ba.
Wata gobarar masana'anta ta kuma kashe kashi 80% na wadatattun kwantena na kasar don amfani da tukwici na pipette da sauran abubuwa masu kaifi, a cewar wata takarda da aka buga a shafin yanar gizon Jami'ar Pittsburgh.
Kuma a watan Yuli, Hukumar Kwastam da Kariya ta Amurka ta fara toshe kayayyaki daga wani babban kamfanin kera safar hannu da ake zargi da aikata ayyukan tilastawa. (CBP ta fitar da sakamakon binciken da ta gudanar a watan da ya gabata.)
"Abin da muke gani da gaske wani abu ne a bangaren kasuwancin da ke da alaƙa da robobi - polypropylene, musamman - ko dai yana kan tsari, ko kuma yana cikin buƙatu mai yawa," in ji PRA Health Sciences' Neat.
Bukatar ta yi yawa har farashin wasu ƙarancin kayayyaki ya hauhawa, a cewar Tiffany Harmon, wani jami'in saye da sayarwa a dakin gwaje-gwajen halittu na PRA Health Sciences a Kansas.
Kamfanin yanzu yana biyan ƙarin 300% don safar hannu ta hanyar mai siyar da ya saba. Kuma umarni na pipette na PRA yanzu an ƙara ƙarin kuɗi. Daya daga cikin masana'antun tip na pipette, wanda ya sanar da karin karin kashi 4.75% a watan da ya gabata, ya shaida wa abokan cinikinsa cewa matakin ya zama dole saboda farashin danyen robobin ya kusan ninki biyu.
Ƙara zuwa rashin tabbas ga masana kimiyyar dakin gwaje-gwaje shine tsarin masu rarraba don tantance ko wane umarni ne za a fara cikawa - ayyukan da masana kimiyya kaɗan suka ce sun fahimta sosai.
Shone ya ce, "Al'ummar dakin gwaje-gwaje suna ta neman tun daga farko don taimaka mana mu fahimci yadda aka yanke wadannan shawarwari," in ji Shone, wanda ya yi nuni da dabarun dillalai don tantance kasafi a matsayin "sihirin akwatin baka."
STAT ta tuntubi kamfanoni fiye da dozin guda waɗanda ke kerawa ko siyar da shawarwarin pipette, gami da Corning, Eppendorf, Fisher Scientific, VWR, da Rainin. Biyu kawai suka amsa.
Corning ya ƙi yin tsokaci, yana ambaton yarjejeniyar mallakar mallaka da abokan cinikinsa. MilloporeSigma, a halin da ake ciki, ya ce yana rarraba pipettes a kan hanyar da ta fara zuwa, ta farko.
"Tun bayan barkewar cutar, duk masana'antar kimiyyar rayuwa sun sami buƙatun da ba a taɓa gani ba game da samfuran da ke da alaƙa da Covid-19, gami da MillporeSigma," in ji mai magana da yawun babban kamfanin rarraba kayayyakin kimiyyar ya fada wa STAT a cikin wata sanarwa ta imel. "Muna aiki 24/7 don saduwa da wannan karuwar bukatar waɗannan samfuran da kuma waɗanda aka yi amfani da su wajen binciken kimiyya."
Duk da yunƙurin ƙarfafa tsarin samar da kayayyaki, ba a san tsawon lokacin da ƙarancin zai daɗe ba.
Corning ya karbi dala miliyan 15 daga Ma'aikatar Tsaro don samar da ƙarin shawarwarin pipette miliyan 684 a kowace shekara a wurin sa a Durham, NC Tecan, kuma yana gina sabbin wuraren masana'antu tare da dala miliyan 32 daga Dokar CARES.
Amma hakan ba zai magance matsalar ba idan samar da robobi ya ragu fiye da yadda ake tsammani. Kuma babu ɗayan waɗannan ayyukan da za su iya samar da shawarwarin pipette kafin faɗuwar 2021, ta wata hanya.
Har zuwa lokacin, manajojin dakin gwaje-gwaje da masana kimiyya suna yin ƙarfin gwiwa don ƙarin ƙarancin pipettes da kusan komai.
“Mun fara wannan cutar ta gajeriyar swabs da kafofin watsa labarai. Sannan muna da karancin reagents. Sannan muna da karancin robobi. Sannan kuma mun sake samun karancin reagents, ”in ji Shone na North Carolina. "Kamar Ranar Groundhog ce."
Lokacin aikawa: Fabrairu-12-2022